The hardware environment is a client Alpha workstation in a local area
network being served by an Alpha server. The client and server machines are
running supported versions of the Digital UNIX operating system software.
As administrator, you perform operational tasks to set up, monitor,
maintain, and exploit available software and hardware resources.
For many system administration tasks, you can choose to use the UNIX
command line interface or the SysMan graphical user interface.
This manual describes the UNIX command line interface for the tasks.
The SysMan interface is now recommended by Digital for interacting
with the operating system. If possible, you should examine whether or not
you can use this interface for your administrative tasks. See Section 2.2
for more information.
Information about administering network-related tasks is documented
in the Digital UNIX Network Administration manual.
The information you need to install the Digital UNIX operating system
is contained in the Digital UNIX Installation guide,
and all the information you need to update the Digital UNIX operating system
is contained in the Digital UNIX Update Installation
card.
The following sections survey the contents of the chapters in this manual.
In general, the first few chapters contain information about the setup tasks
you perform the first few hours after installing or updating new operating
system software.
The several remaining chapters contain information about the schedule-
and event-driven tasks that make up the bulk of a system administrator's work.
These tasks use the operating system components, its services, or features
to maintain the performance of the operating system and the satisfaction of
its users.
When you test or troubleshoot your system, you need to move between
run levels, for example, from multiuser mode to single-user mode.
If your system has been powered down for an extended amount of time,
you will need to set the system clock.
You use the
The administrative tasks are:
In addition, this chapter contains instructions for maintaining
other terminals and mass storage devices on your system. The tasks involved
include the following:
1.1 The Digital UNIX System Administrator
As administrator of a Digital UNIX operating system, you work in the
following envrionment:
This manual does not include information about planning an
operating system environment. For information about planning operating system
environments, see your local Digital representative.
1.2 Starting Up and Shutting Down the System
Chapter 3 contains instructions for booting and for
shutting down systems. You will need this information for the following tasks:
1.3 Customizing the System Environment
Periodically, you will need to tailor your system to fit your needs.
For example, you might need
to:
Chapter 4 describes how to customize
your system for these purposes, and also discusses how to customize:
1.4 Configuring the Kernel
You may need to tune your system
to enhance performance, add new devices, or install new software. These changes
may require you to modify your system configuration file. If you modify the
system configuration file, thereby reconfiguring the kernel, you must compile
and boot a new system image for the changes to take effect. Chapter 5
includes the following information:
1.5 Administering Dynamic Device Recognition
Chapter 6 describes the components you use and the
tasks you perform in order to administer the Dynamic Device Recognition capabilities
of your operating system. Dynamic Device Recognition (DDR) is a framework
for describing the operating parameters and characteristics of SCSI devices
to the SCSI CAM I/O subsystem.ddr_config
(8) utility and the ddr.dbase
(4) text database
to make changes to the subsystem whenever you change the devices in the SCSI
CAM I/O subsystem. You make these changes after the operating system is installed
and without needing to reboot the operating system.
You use the ddr_config utility to accomplish
both tasks.
1.6 Administering the UNIX File System
Chapter 7
contains information to help you perform the following file system and disk
management tasks:
1.7 Administering the Advanced File System
Chapter 8 describes the Advanced
File System (AdvFS) component. AdvFS offers rapid crash recovery, high performance,
and a flexible structure that enables you to manage your file system while
it is on line.
1.8 Administering the Logical Storage Manager
The Logical Storage Manager (LSM) software has disk management capabilities
that increase data availability and improve disk I/O performance. System administrators
use LSM to perform disk management functions dynamically without disrupting
users or applications accessing data on those disks. Chapter 9
describes the elements of LSM that are most commonly used by a system administrator.
1.9 Administering User Accounts and Groups
Use the information in Chapter 10 to perform
the following tasks:
1.10 Administering the Print Services
Use the information in Chapter 11
to perform the following printer management tasks:
1.11 Administering the Archiving Services
Use the information in Chapter 12 to perform
the
following tasks:
1.12 Administering System Accounting Services
Chapter 13 describes
how to set up and use accounting to track system resources. It describes how
to perform the following accounting administration tasks:
1.13 Administering Events and Errors
Chapter 14 contains information on system
events and errors. First, it describes how you can use the system exercisers
to discover potential system problems. With this information you can act
to prevent events or errors from occurring. Next, the chapter discusses system
events and the components you employ to react to these events. Use the information
in this chapter to perform the following tasks:
1.14 Appendixes
The appendixes to this manual describe auxiliary information, seldom-used
utilities, and components which are scheduled for retirement, but that are
documented for backward compatibility.
1.14.1 Device Mnemonics
Appendix A identifies and defines the mnemonics
that you use to attach any hardware or software device to your system. You
specify the mnemonics when you create the character or block special files
that represent each of the devices.
1.14.2 SCSI/CAM Utility Program
Appendix B describes the SCSI/CAM Utility Program (SCU),
which interfaces with the Common Access Method (CAM) I/O subsystem and the
peripheral devices attached to Small Computer System Inferface (SCSI) busses.
This utility implements the SCSI commands necessary for manual maintenance
and diagnosis of SCSI peripheral devices and the CAM I/O subsystem.
1.14.3 CI and HSC Hardware
Appendix C describes the CI bus and Hierarchical Storage
Controller (HSC) hardware. This appendix contains information about hardware
and software installation, setup, and restrictions. It also describes how
to boot an HSC controller and disk and how to share HSCs among hosts.
1.14.4 Using the uerf Error Logger
The uerf error logging utility has been scheduled
for retirement. Its use is described here for backward compatibility purposes.
1.14.5 Administering Specific Hardware Devices
Appendix E Explains how to install specific hardware devices
available on some processors.