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latcp(8)
NAME
latcp - Local Area Transport (LAT) Control Program
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/latcp [ flags ]
FLAGS
This section is organized by the tasks you can perform with the latcp
command. Each task subsection provides the latcp command syntax and the
flags to use to complete the tasks.
Starting LAT
Syntax:
latcp -s
-s Starts LAT and enables LAT connections. If the following LAT
parameters have not been set, they take on the default values:
·
Node name - The default value is the host name.
·
Multicast timer - The default value is 60 seconds.
·
Network adapter - The default is all network adapters connected to
broadcast media.
·
Service name - The default value is taken from the LAT node name
parameter. This default service is an unbound interactive service.
The following parameters are set to the following defaults for each
service, unless specified:
--
Service description - The default value is ``DIGITAL UNIX
Version X.X LAT SERVICE.''
--
Rating - The default is dynamic rating.
--
Group code - The default value is 0.
·
Outgoing port groups - The default value is 0.
·
Agent status - The default is disabled.
·
Maximum number of learned services - The default value is 100.
Halting LAT
Syntax:
latcp -h
-h Shuts down LAT and disables LAT connections.
Adding a Service on a Host
Syntax:
latcp -A -aservice [-idescription] [-o | -ptty_list]
-A Adds a service on the host node.
-aservice
Specifies the name of the service to add. The service name must
conform to the rules specified in the DESCRIPTION section.
-idescription
Sets the service identification to the value specified by the
description field. The description field can contain up to 64
characters. If the field contains more than one word, you must enclose
the string in double quotation marks ("). If you do not specify a
value for the description field, the default identification string
(``DIGITAL UNIX Version X.X LAT Service'') is used.
-o Indicates that the service you are adding is an optional or dedicated
service to be used by specialized applications (such as an application
service). For example, you must use the -o flag when adding the
service used for the LAT/Telnet gateway. Do not specify this flag with
the -p flag. For more information, refer to the Network Administration
manual.
Services added without the -o flag are default services. These
services are used for making interactive connections to the DIGITAL
UNIX LAT host through getty entries that are spawned from the
/etc/inittab file.
-ptty_list
Identifies this service as a bound interactive service, and binds the
specified LAT terminal devices to the named service. See lat_intro(7)
for a description of bound services. Do not specify this flag with the
-o flag.
The tty_list can be a single LAT terminal device or a list of LAT
terminal devices separated by commas with no spaces. The LAT terminal
device name syntax is only restricted by the name of the LAT terminal
device in the device directory. The following example adds the bound
interactive service siteapp and binds devices 620, 621, 622, and 623 to
the service.
# latcp -A -asiteapp -p620,621,622,623
Mapping an Application Port
Syntax:
latcp -A -ptty -Hremote_node {-Rremote_port |
-Vremote_service} [-Q] [-wpassword | -W]
-A Maps an application port on the host node.
-ptty
Identifies the LAT terminal device to be mapped to an application port.
The LAT terminal device name syntax is only restricted by the name of
the LAT terminal device in the device directory.
Application ports are typically not mapped using a LAT terminal device
that is also used in the /etc/inittab file. This is only done if a
dedicated terminal device (tty) on a specific terminal is desired. For
information on how to provide a dedicated tty on a terminal, see the
Network Administration manual.
If a connection is to be made to a specific port for a service, specify
the server port name. No default values are available for the input
fields when creating an application port.
-Hremote_node
Identifies the remote node (terminal server) to be mapped to the LAT
terminal device specified by -ptty. The -H flag is required for
mapping application ports. The remote node name must conform to the
rules specified in the DESCRIPTION section.
-Rremote_port
Identifies the name of the remote port on a server that is to be mapped
to the LAT terminal device specified by -ptty. The remote port name
must conform to the rules specified in the DESCRIPTION section. Do not
use this flag with the -V flag.
-Vremote_service
Identifies the service name offered by the server that is to be mapped
to the LAT terminal device specified by -ptty. The service name must
conform to the rules specified in the DESCRIPTION section. Do not use
this flag with the -R flag.
-Q Specifies that the type of access requested is nonqueued. There are
two types of access requests: queued and nonqueued. A queued or
nonqueued request is accepted by the server if the remote port is free.
If the remote port is busy and queuing is enabled on the server, a
queued request is queued on the server until the port becomes
available; a nonqueued request is rejected immediately.
If you do not specify the -Q flag, the application port is set to
queued by default.
-wpassword | -W
Allows the user to specify the password for the remote service that
will be accessed through the mapped application port. When the remote
service to be accessed has password checking enabled, this password is
needed or the connection is rejected. The password is not case
sensitive and spaces are disallowed.
When using the -w option, the password is specified on the command line
and is visible. When the -W option is used, the user will be prompted
for the password and it will not be echoed.
The -w option should be used when adding this command to the LAT
/etc/latstartup.conf startup file. When you use this method, it is
recommended that the /etc/latstartup.conf file have read and write
permission for root only.
To change (or remove) the password, delete the application port (latcp
-D -ptty) and add it back with the new password (or without a
password).
Mapping an Outgoing Port
Syntax:
latcp -A -ptty -O -V learned_service [-Hremote_node
[-Rremote_port ]] [-wpassword | -W]
-A Maps an port on the host node. The -O flag identifies the type of
port.
-ptty
Identifies the LAT terminal device to be mapped to an outgoing port.
The LAT terminal device name syntax is only restricted by the name of
the LAT terminal device in the device directory.
-O Identifies the mapped port as an outgoing port.
-Vlearned_service
Identifies the service name offered by the remote node that is to be
mapped to the LAT terminal device specified by -ptty. The service name
must conform to the rules specified in the DESCRIPTION section.
-Hremote_node
Identifies the remote node that provides the service specified by -
Vlearned_Service. The -H flag is optional when mapping an outgoing
port. The remote node name must conform to the rules specified in the
DESCRIPTION section.
-Rremote_port
Identifies the name of the remote port on the remote node (remote_node)
that provides the service specified by -Vlearned_Service. The -R flag
must be specified with the -H flag, but is optional. The remote port
name must conform to the rules specified in the DESCRIPTION section.
-wpassword | -W
Allows the user to specify the password for the remote service that
will be accessed through the outgoing port. When the remote service to
be accessed has password checking enabled, this password is needed or
the connection is rejected. The password is not case sensitive and
spaces are disallowed.
When using the -w option, the password is specified on the command line
and is visible. When the -W option is used, the user will be prompted
for the password and it will not be echoed.
The -w option should be used when adding this command to the LAT
/etc/latstartup.conf startup file. When you use this method, it is
recommended that the /etc/latstartup.conf file have read and write
permission for root only.
To change (or remove) the password, delete the outgoing port (latcp -D
-ptty) and add it back with the new password (or without a password).
Adding a Reserved Service
Syntax:
latcp -A -V reserved_service
-A Adds a reserved service on the host node.
-Vreserved_service
Specifies the name of the reserved service to add. A reserved service
is a permanent entry in the learned services database. The reserved
service name must conform to the rules specified in the DESCRIPTION
section.
If the reserved service does not exist, a new reserved service is
created. If the specified reserved service is an existing learned
service, the learned service is marked as a reserved service.
Setting the Maximum Number of Learned Services
Syntax:
latcp -ccount
-ccount
Sets the maximum number of learned services in the local learned
services database to count. The value of count can range from 0 to
1000. The actual number of learned services can range from 1 to 1000.
A value of zero (0) indicates that the maximum number of learned
services is restricted by the amount of system memory. By default, the
maximum number of learned services is 100.
Deleting Services and Ports
Syntax:
latcp -D {-aservice | -vreserved_service | -ptty_list}
-D Deletes a service or reserved service, or unmaps an application port or
outgoing port from the host node. You must specify either a service
(-a), a reserved service (-v), or a port (-p) with the -D flag.
-aservice
Specifies the service to be deleted. When a service is deleted, active
sessions associated with the service remain.
When a service is deleted, it is no longer available to terminal server
users. If a service name is not specified, an error message is
generated.
-vreserved_service
Specifies the name of the reserved service to be deleted. When a
reserved service is deleted, active sessions associated with the
service remain.
When a reserved service is deleted, it is removed from the learned
service database on the host node.
-ptty_list
Unmaps the specified list of LAT terminal devices from the application
port or outgoing port to which they were bound. The list can be a
single LAT terminal device or a list of LAT terminal devices separated
by commas.
When you delete a bound interactive service the ttys bound to it are
unbound. If the ttys remain in the /etc/inittab file they will become
associated with any existing unbound interactive services. For more
information, see the description in the "Binding and Unbinding LAT
Devices to Bound Interactive Services" section.
If there is only one unbound interactive service running on the system,
you cannot delete it.
When an application port is unmapped, the port is unmapped from its
associated virtual terminal line; any active session remains active.
Binding and Unbinding LAT Devices to Bound Interactive Services
Syntax:
latcp [-p | -P]tty_list -aservice
-ptty_list | -Ptty_list
Binds (-p) or unbinds (-P) the specified list of LAT terminal devices
to the specified bound interactive service. The list can be a single
LAT terminal device or a list of LAT terminal devices separated by
commas. The following example binds LAT devices 620, 621, 622, and 623
to the bound interactive service siteapp. Not that only the last
component of the LAT terminal devices needs to be specified (for
example, 620 instead of /dev/lat/620).
# latcp -p 620,621,622,623 -asiteapp
When you bind LAT terminal devices to a service, they cannot be used
for other services.
When LAT terminal devices are unbound from a bound interactive service,
the devices should be removed from the /etc/inittab file before you
unbind them. If the entries remain in the /etc/inittab file after you
unbind them from the service, the getty process running on that device
exits and is respawned. When the getty process is respawned, the
device becomes associated with the existing unbound interactive
services. If this behavior is not desired, remove the entries from the
/etc/inittab file.
-aservice
Specifies the service to be bound or unbound.
Setting the Service Identification
Syntax:
latcp -idescription -aservice
-idescription
Sets the service identification to the specified value. The
description field can contain up to 64 characters. If the field
contains more than one word, you must enclose the string in double
quotation marks (").
-aservice
Specifies the service for which you are changing the service
identification.
The -aservice flag is required. The service name must conform to the
rules specified in the DESCRIPTION section.
Enabling and Disabling Service Node Groups
Syntax:
latcp [-g | -G]list -aservice
-glist | -Glist
Enables (-g) and disables (-G) the service node groups specified in the
list. Group codes can range from 0 to 255. Group 0 is enabled by
default for all service nodes and servers.
-aservice
Specifies the service name. The -aservice flag is required. The
service name must conform to the rules specified in the DESCRIPTION
section. The following example specifies a single node group of 128
for the service siteapp:
# latcp -g 128 -asiteapp
If you enter a group list, use commas (,) to separate individual
groups. The following example shows multiple node groups being
specified for the service transapp:
# latcp -g 56,5,102,10,20,30,40,50,60,...,
110,150,200,210,255 -atransapp
If the string exceeds the width of the screen, it must wrap to the
following line. You cannot use a carriage return to break a string.
Note that the individual group codes are separated by commas with no
spaces.
Enabling and Disabling Node Agent Status
Syntax:
latcp [-j | -J]
-j | -J
Enables (-j) and disables (-J) node agent status.
When a node tries to connect to a service that is not in its learned
service database, it transmits a solicit message to request service
information. When a node with node agent status enabled receives a
solicit message, the node responds with a response information message
containing the service information, if it has information about the
service.
To reduce the amount of network traffic from response information
messages, Digital recommends that node agent status be disabled. By
default, node agent status is disabled.
Purging Non-Reserved Services
Syntax:
latcp -Y
-Y Purges all of the existing non-reserved learned services; reserved
learned services are not purged.
After the non-reserved learned services are purged, if the system
receives a Service Announcement Message for a service, the service is
added to the learned service database.
Specifying Service Ratings
Syntax:
latcp -xrating -aservice
-xrating
Specifying a rating of -1 causes service ratings to be calculated
dynamically based on the node's activity. The service ratings are
placed in service announcement messages multicasted to all LAT nodes.
Specifying a rating of 0 through 255 causes the rating to be static for
the named service. Specifying a service rating of 0 makes the service
less available to users; specifying 255 makes the service highly
available.
The default rating is dynamic.
-aservice
Specifies the service name. The -aservice flag is required. The
service name must conform to the rules specified in the DESCRIPTION
section.
Setting the Node Name
Syntax:
latcp -nnode
-nnode
Sets the node name to the name specified with the node argument. The
node name specifies the name by which the node will be known. The node
name must be unique within the LAT network and must conform to the
rules specified in the DESCRIPTION section.
The default node name is the value of the utsname.nodename field
defined in <sys/utsname.h>. If the utsname.nodename field contains a
period (.), the LAT node name is truncated to contain the characters
(16 characters maximum) that occur before the first period.
Setting the Multicast Transmission Timer
Syntax:
latcp -mtime
-mtime
Sets multicast transmission timer to the specified time in seconds. A
node advertises its presence to other LAT nodes by sending out a
multicast message over the network. The multicast timer determines the
time between the multicast messages. Valid intervals range from 10 to
180 seconds. (The default is 60 seconds.)
Displaying LAT Parameters on the Host Node
Syntax:
latcp -d
-d Displays LAT characteristics on the host node. For example, the
following command shows the LAT parameters at their current setting:
# /usr/sbin/latcp -d
Node name: SERVICE1
Multicast timer: 60 seconds
LAT version: 5 ECO: 2
Outgoing Port Groups: 0
Selected Interface Name(s): fza0 ln0
LAT Protocol is active
Agent Status: Disabled
Maximum Number of Learned Services: 100
Service information
Service name: SERVICE1
Service ID: DIGITAL UNIX Version n.n LAT SERVICE
Rating: Dynamic 255
Groups: 0
Service information
Service name: BOUNDSVC (Bound)
Service ID: DIGITAL UNIX Version n.n LAT SERVICE
Rating: Dynamic 255
Groups: 0
Ports: 620
Service information
Service name: DEDICATED (Optional)
Service ID: DIGITAL UNIX Version n.n LAT SERVICE
Rating: Dynamic 255
Groups: 0
A service without Bound or Optional next to the name is an unbound
interactive service. For bound services, the display includes a Ports
entry that shows the LAT terminal devices (ttys) that are bound to the
bound interactive service.
Displaying Learned Services
Syntax:
latcp -d -l [-vlearned_service]
-d Displays LAT characteristics specified by the following flag.
-l Displays current learned services. For example:
# /usr/sbin/latcp -d -l
Number of Available Services: 98
Available Services:
Service Name Status Identification
ADJECT AVAILABLE DIGITAL UNIX Version Vn.n LAT SERVICE
ALFIKR AVAILABLE DIGITAL UNIX Version Vn.n LAT SERVICE
ANDERSON AVAILABLE DIGITAL UNIX Version Xn.n LAT SERVICE
ARCHIE AVAILABLE DIGITAL UNIX Version Vn.n LAT SERVICE
-v learned_service
Displays information about learned_service. The learned service name
must conform to the rules specified in the DESCRIPTION section. For
example:
# /usr/sbin/latcp -d -l -vzipcode
Available Service: ZIPCODE
Node Name Status Rating Identification
ZIPCODE AVAILABLE 155 DIGITAL UNIX Version Vn.n LAT SERVICE
Displaying LAT Characteristics for a Remote Node
Syntax:
latcp -d -Hremote_node
-d Displays LAT characteristics specified by the following flag.
-H remote_node
Displays characteristics for remote_node. The remote node name must
conform to the rules specified in the DESCRIPTION section.
For example:
# /usr/sbin/latcp -d -Hzipcode
LATCP Remote Node Characteristics for ZIPCODE
Ethernet Address: 08-00-2b-39-ba-c8
LAT version: 5 ECO: 2
Identification: DIGITAL UNIX Version Vn.n LAT NODE
Node Groups: 0
Number of Available Services: 1
Available Services:
Service Name Status Identification
ZIPCODE AVAILABLE DIGITAL UNIX Version Vn.n LAT SERVICE
Displaying LAT Counters for Remote Nodes
Syntax:
latcp -d -C
-d Displays LAT characteristics specified by the following flag.
-C Displays counter information for the remote nodes with which the host
currently has a virtual circuit. For example:
# /usr/sbin/latcp -d -C
LATCP Server Counters for SERVER1
120 Seconds since last reset 0 Fwd out-of-seq messages
22 Run messages received 0 Retransmitted messages
26 Run messages transmitted 0 Bad circuit messages
20 Slots received 0 Bad circuit slots
22 Slots transmitted 0 Accepted host-initiated
104 Bytes received 0 Rejected host-initiated
0 Duplicate messages 0 Multiple nodes seen
Displaying LAT Counters for the Host Node
Syntax:
latcp -d -N
-d Displays LAT characteristics specified by the following flag.
-N Displays counter information for the local host node. For example:
# /usr/sbin/latcp -d -N
LATCP Node Counters
160020 Seconds since last reset 0 Fwd out-of-seq messages
283 Run messages received 0 Retransmitted messages
301 Run messages transmitted 0 Bad circuit messages
191 Slots received 0 Bad circuit slots
191 Slots transmitted 0 Accepted host-initiated
937 Bytes received 0 Rejected host-initiated
0 Duplicate messages 0 Multiple nodes seen
LATCP Node Statistics
2 Circuits created 0 Circuit timeouts
9 Sessions created 2826 Service messages xmit
285 Frames received 2826 Service messages recv
3130 Frames transmitted 2826 Service messages used
0 Illegal frames
LATCP Node Errors
0 Circuit Start 0 HIC Solicit
0 Circuit Run 0 HIC Response
0 Circuit Halt 0 HIC Command
0 Service Announcement 0 HIC Status
0 Other Message
Displaying Remote Node Addresses and Sessions
Syntax:
latcp -d -S
-d Displays LAT characteristics specified by the following flag.
-S Displays the address of the remote nodes and the number of sessions
with which the host currently has a virtual circuit. For example:
# /usr/sbin/latcp -d -S
LATCP Server Characteristics for MABBAM
Ethernet address: 08-00-2B-a3-90-85
Number of Active Circuits: 1
Number of Active Sessions: 1
Displaying Port Characteristics on the Host Node
Syntax:
latcp -d -P [-ptty_list | -L | -I | -O]
-d Displays LAT characteristics specified by the following flag.
-P Displays the characteristics for ports on the host node. If this flag
is issued without an argument, all application ports, active
interactive sessions, and outgoing ports on the host node are
displayed.
-ptty_list
Identifies the LAT terminal devices for which data is to be printed.
The list can be a single LAT terminal device or a list of LAT terminal
devices separated by commas. Do not use with the -L, -I, and -O flags.
-L Sets the display of port characteristics to display all application
ports. Do not use with the -p, -I, and -O flags.
-I Sets the display of port characteristics to display all interactive
ports. Do not use with the -p, -L, and -O flags.
-O Sets the display of port characteristics to display all outgoing ports.
Do not use with the -p, -L, and -I flags.
Adding and Removing Adapters
Syntax:
latcp [-e | -E]adapter
-eadapter | -Eadapter
Adds (-e) or removes (-E) the specified adapter to or from the list of
adapters over which LAT can run.
If no adapters are defined before you start LAT, latcp searches for all
suitable adapters and starts LAT on them. To prevent this from
occurring, you can define adapters in the /etc/latstartup.conf file by
including latcp -e commands for the specific adapters.
If you remove an adapter, all active sessions running over the adapter
are terminated. If there is only one adapter on the system, you cannot
delete it. If you remove an adapter and add another one, issue a latcp
-s command to force a service announcement message.
Clearing LAT Counters
Syntax:
latcp -z
-z Sets to zero all counters displayed by the -d -C and -d -N options.
You can test system performance over time by setting the counters to
zero and observing the information that accumulates.
Resetting LAT Parameters
Syntax:
latcp -r
-r Resets the LAT parameters to the default values. See the -s option for
information.
All services (except the default service) are deleted. If that service
was an optional service, it is reset to a default service. The default
service is an unbound interactive service (added without the -o or -
ptty_list flags) which has the same name as the LAT node name. This
service is used for incoming interactive connections to the DIGITAL
UNIX LAT host through getty routines that are spawned in the
/etc/inittab file.
Note: All learned services and reserved services are not removed from
the learned services database.
Enabling or Disabling Outgoing Port Groups
Syntax:
latcp [-u | -U]list
-ulist | -Ulist
Enables (-u) or disables (-U) the outgoing port groups specified in the
list. Outgoing port groups range from 0 to 255. Group 0 is enabled by
default.
If you enter a group list, use commas (,) to separate individual
groups. If the string exceeds the width of the screen, it must wrap to
the following line; do not use a carriage return to break a string.
Individual group codes are separated by commas with no spaces. For
example:
# latcp -u 1,10,100,200
Outgoing port groups restrict access to services in the network that
belong to the specified groups. Your local system can access only
those service nodes associated with the outgoing port groups specified.
DESCRIPTION
The latcp utility provides the essential functions for LAT control and
management. It allows nonprivileged users to display host, port, circuit,
and server information and privileged users to perform the following tasks:
· Add, delete, change, and display service and port attributes
· Add and delete network interface adapters
· Add, delete, and display reserved services
· Bind and unbind LAT devices to specific services
· Map and unmap outgoing LAT devices to remote services
· Change the node name
· Enable and disable node group codes, node agent status, and outgoing
port groups
· Purge non-reserved learned services
· Set and display maximum number of learned services
· Display learned services
· Display remote node information
· Change service rating
· Display and reset counter information
· Start and stop the LAT driver
When LAT automatic startup and shutdown is enabled, the /sbin/init.d/lat
script is executed upon reaching run level 3. When this script is
executed, it reads and executes the latcp commands in the
/etc/latstartup.conf file (if it exists). LAT automatic startup and
shutdown can be enabled or disabled with the latsetup utility. See the
Network Administration manual for additional information.
The latcp program only effects one operation per invocation. Therefore,
you can only specify one command on a command line.
For introductory information on LAT, see the lat_intro(7) reference page.
Service, Node, and Port Names
Some of the flags require that you specify a name for the service, node, or
port. The names can contain 1 to 16 of the following ASCII characters:
· Uppercase letters A to Z
· Lowercase letters a to z
Lowercase letters are converted to uppercase.
· Digits 0 to 9
· Period (.)
· Underscore (_)
· Hyphen (-)
You cannot use a hyphen as the first character.
FILES
/dev/streams/lat
Specifies the LAT control device.
RELATED INFORMATION
Commands: llogin(1), latsetup(8)
Network Services: lat_intro(7), lat_manual_setup(7)
Network Administration